This was followed by the electrochemical deposition of sol-gel matrices with different thickness and functional groups onto the ITO/AuNPs-cit. Specifically, indium tin oxide (ITO) films were modified with a positively charged polymer on which the negatively charged AuNPs stabilized with citrate (AuNPs-cit) were adsorbed. In this study, the effect of a sol-gel matrix on the imprinting and reuptake of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is examined. Nanoparticle imprinted matrices (NAIMs) is a new approach, in which nanoparticles (NPs) are imprinted in a matrix followed by their removal to form highly selective voids that can recognize the original NPs. The comparison of the collected data shows that among the mixtures tested, EtAc/EtOH and ACN/MeOH resulted to be the most suitable alternatives to the standard method, thus representing a possible different choice that better matches with green chemistry requirements. The obtained lipid nanovectors were then fully characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering and Small Angle X-ray Scattering. The lipid extracts thus obtained were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and then employed for the manufacturing of nanoformulations. Specifically, the mixtures tested were ethyl acetate/ethanol (EtAc/EtOH), ethyl acetate/methanol (EtAc/MeOH), acetonitrile/ethanol (ACN/EtOH), and acetonitrile/methanol (ACN/MeOH) to compare with the standard one. In this work, we compared four alternative solvent mixtures for the extraction of the lipid component from olive pomace, the exhausted waste of olive oil processing used as resource to build eco-sustainable nanoformulations for agrotechnological applications. In the last decades, several contributions reported the possibility of employing more eco-friendly solvents as extraction agents, but the efficacy of chloroform and methanol has not been attained yet, making their substitution one of the big challenges of green chemistry. primarily chloroform and methanol, is still very popular, despite of the proved toxicity of these solvents. This leads to very strong, multiply scattered light, as evidenced by the 'lighting up' of the entire sample, although the actual laser beam has a width of only 0.5 mm.ĭealing with lipid extraction procedures, the use of organic solvents, i.e. In the right container, the refractive index of the spherical hydrogel particles is about 1.34, which is much higher than that of air (≈1). In this case, the particles are almost completely refractiveindex-matched. Because the hydrogel is mostly water, just like the continuous phase in which the particles are suspended, only traces of scattering are seen. Most of the laser beam passes through and enters the middle container. However, there is static scattering at the walls of the cuvette, which lights the air bubbles in the water. As expected if there are no scattering objects, the beam remains invisible as it passes through the cuvette. The laser light comes from a laser pointer with a wavelength of í µí¼ ≈ 532 nm. Photograph of a relatively parallel beam of laser light passing through a quartz cuvette filled with 'dirty' water containing bubbles and durst particles (left), a container filled with hydrogel particles of 1 cm diameter immersed in water (middle) and a similar container filled with the same type of hydrogel particles but with no water added (right). A section discusses several practical examples, with particular focus on nanocolloids for their relevance in catalysis and self-assembled systems such as surfactants and block copolymers. The two main applications of DLS in chemistry are particle sizing and the study of molecular aggregation and growth. The chapter concludes with the introduction of a very new video-microscopy technique, namely differential dynamic microscopy (DDM). The main section on DLS is followed by a description of new instrumental approaches to DLS based mainly on fibre optics, which allow DLS measurements to be made in more difficult environments.
The theoretical background is followed by a more detailed discussion of particle sizing and the evaluation of size distributions. This chapter provides a more detailed background to dynamic light scattering (DLS), starting with static light scattering (SLS), as the tools derived can be valuable for the subsequent derivation of the relevant electric field and intensity autocorrelation functions.
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